Archives
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The mitogen activated protein kinase MAPK family which consi
2021-01-15
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, which consists of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), p38 MAPK, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), is involved in the development of NP (Hung et al., 2012, Ji et al., 2009). Recently, Zhuang et al. (2005) demonstrated that t
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br Conclusions ERK and its phosphorylation plays an essentia
2021-01-15
Conclusions ERK 1/2 and its phosphorylation plays an essential role in the hippocampus and can be triggered by both ROS accumulation and excessive Ca2+. DBP exposure can also affect the production of ROS and Ca2+ in the hippocampus. The question therefore arises as to whether the cell injury or a
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In summary EP signaling modulates
2021-01-15
In summary, EP1 signaling modulates heteromeric kainate receptors at multiple steps, both sensitizing mice to kainate-evoked status epilepticus and, separately, exacerbating the downstream consequences of status epilepticus. These results, together with those of Serrano et al. (2011) and Jiang et al
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Regarding eicosanoid production iPLA VIA appears in general
2021-01-15
Regarding eicosanoid production, iPLA2-VIA appears, in general terms, not to play a major role in mediating this response in innate immunity and inflammation, as evidenced by the large number of studies highlighting the lack of effect of selective inhibition of the enzyme in stimulus-induced AA rele
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br Experimental Procedures br Author Contributions br Acknow
2021-01-15
Experimental Procedures Author Contributions Acknowledgments Introduction In addition to the HLA region numerous other loci have shown association with type 1 diabetes risk [1], and susceptibility IC-87114 have been identified in many of these regions [2]. How these genes exert their fu
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br Methodology To simulate chip flow trajectory the
2021-01-15
Methodology To simulate chip flow trajectory, the force and torque acting on the chips in high pressure coolant are computed based on the control volume method [6]. During the setup, a typical gun drill chip and gun drill bit are imported into ANSYS CFX 14.0 and prescribed as stationary solids.
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br STAR Methods br Acknowledgments We are grateful to Matthi
2021-01-15
STAR★Methods Acknowledgments We are grateful to Matthias Mayer at ZMBH in Heidelberg for access to his CD-spectrometer and his help in data interpretation. Technical support by Wolfgang Weinig is gratefully acknowledged. This project was financially supported by the European Union as part of t
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In the present study we
2021-01-15
In the present study we investigated the effect of morphine withdrawal on G-protein coupling to opioid and ET receptors in neonatal rats. Morphine-induced G-protein activation was significantly higher in neonatal rats undergoing morphine withdrawal; suggesting enhanced coupling of the receptors to G
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Another important new result that has expanded
2021-01-14
Another important new result that has expanded the range of functions of iPLA2-VIA in physiology and pathophysiology is its implication in macrophage polarization under stimulation conditions. Ashley et al. [129] described in peritoneal macrophages from Pla2g6−/− mice that the absence of iPLA2-VIA f
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br PFL AE as a model for
2021-01-14
PFL-AE as a model for the GRE–AEs Most of the GRE–AEs have proven difficult to study due to instability, difficulty in overexpression, lability of the iron-sulfur cluster, or other reasons. PFL-AE is the exception, and after the initial discovery of the iron–sulfur cluster in this enzyme [60], co
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br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion
2021-01-14
Materials and methods Results Discussion The investigation of oxysterols is highly complex and challenging, arising not only from the large number of molecules in this family, but also due to their low abundance in biological systems compared to cholesterol and their susceptibility for auto
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br Discussion Previous studies have reported conflicting ass
2021-01-14
Discussion Previous studies have reported conflicting association results between the functional variant DBH −1021C>T and PD [8], [9]. Our findings would suggest that DBH −1021C>T does not dramatically decrease the risk of disease although it may marginally affect symptomatic AAO. However, whethe
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ASC was reported as a potent antiviral and antifungal
2021-01-14
ASC was reported as a potent antiviral and antifungal agent, and its derivatives could modulate a variety of physiological activities, such as anti-tumor, anti-metastatic, and anti-diabetic activities in animals. Mie Tsuruga et al. found that 4-o-methylascochlorin had immunosuppressive activity, but
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The second DDR binding partner identified here Shp which
2021-01-14
The second DDR1-binding partner identified here, Shp-2, which was not found in the two-hybrid screen but using a bioinformatics approach, is also a mediator of cell migration. Since Shp-2 has two SH2 domains, as well as phosphotyrosine phosphatase enzymatic activity and two C-terminal tyrosines targ
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On the other hand the death domain is a
2021-01-14
On the other hand, the death domain is a conserved stretch of around 80AA which is commonly found in death receptor proteins, it play a major role in the interaction between other proteins. Also as a platform for the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) formation (Chaigne-Delalande et al., 2008).