• BCCA occlusion followed by reperfusion injury significantly

  2022-01-11

  

  BCCA occlusion, followed by reperfusion injury, significantly increased the brain AT1 and AT2 receptor expression in mice. Reports have demonstrated elevation of AT1 receptor expression in the cerebral neomycin sulfate during ischemia [34,35]. The gene expression of brain AT2 receptor is increased

• In conclusion we demonstrated that the atypical high basal

  2022-01-11

  

  In conclusion, we demonstrated that the atypical high-basal activity of the mGlu3 sodium butyrate results mostly from its activation by low ambient glutamate concentrations. This is due to a unique interaction network located in the extracellular domain of the mGlu3 receptor. This network acts as “

• h89 The fine interplay among post

  2022-01-11

  

  The fine interplay among post-translational modifications and intersection with other pathways, such as PI3K–AKT, has a crucial role in the regulation of GLI activity and in the generation of their repressor forms 40, 41, 42. In addition to β-TrCP, for example, other E3 ligases belonging to the real

• Among the isoforms of heme oxygenases

  2022-01-11

  

  Among the 3 isoforms of heme oxygenases (HO-1, HO-2, and HO-3), HO-1 expression is inducible, and it catalyzes the degradation of heme to biliverdin, carbon monoxide (CO) and free Fe. The Fe is then stored in ferritin, limiting its ability to participate as a catalyst through the Fenton reaction and

• Aurora kinase B AURKB and haploid

  2022-01-11

  

  Aurora kinase B (AURKB) and haploid cell-specific protein kinase (Haspin) are two well-known participants in N-terminal histone H3 phosphorylations during mitosis. A related role played by these kinases relates to the fact that AURKB is activated by Haspin promoted phosphorylation at T3. Irrespectiv

• atm inhibitor Receptor guanylyl cyclases play essential role

  2022-01-11

  

  Receptor guanylyl cyclases play essential roles in cardiovascular and gastrointestinal (patho-)physiology, reproduction biology, cell proliferation, bone growth and sensory signal transduction and, therefore, are important pharmacological targets. Accordingly, the receptor guanylyl cyclase agonists

• On the basis of the structure of the

  2022-01-11

  

  On the basis of the structure of the Rab35/ACAP2 complex, the authors identified Thr76 in switch II of Rab35 as one key specificity determinant (Lin et al., 2019). The crystal structure shows that the hydroxyl group of Thr76 forms a NK 252 with Asp756 in ACAP2, while the methyl group is a part of th

• The GPR receptor is also emerging as an

  2022-01-11

  

  The GPR55 receptor is also emerging as an important therapeutic target. GPR55−/− mice possess no overt phenotype, but were protected in models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain (Staton et al., 2008). Staton et al. (2008) reported that no GPR55 mRNA could be detected by RT-PCR in the animals. Also

• br AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS br ACKNOWLEDGMENTS br

  2022-01-11

  

  AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Introduction Chronic neuropathic pain is a common symptom in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection. Glycoprotein 120 (gp120) is an HIV-1 protein that can cause pain behaviors in animal models (Hao, 2013, Nasirinezhad et al., 2015,

• Extending the issue of the species

  2022-01-10

  

  Extending the issue of the species differences, the role of neuroestradiol in the preovulatory GnRH/LH surge might be specific to primates or species with a luteal phase. For example, animals with a true luteal phase, such as monkeys and sheep, exhibit a long preovulatory GnRH surge, lasting well af

• The occurrence of MDR in cancer patients

  2022-01-10

  

  The occurrence of MDR in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy can be mimicked in the laboratory by culturing cancer Taurine receptor in the presence of chemotherapeutic drugs, thereby enforcing the evolution of acquired drug resistance. This has been described in multiple model systems including

• Recently unimolecular multi functional peptides that

  2022-01-10

  

  Recently, unimolecular, multi-functional peptides that combine GLP-1RA activity with K02288 mg and/or GIP activity have been suggested as new therapeutic agents for glycaemic and weight control. In rodents, dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonists achieve significantly better glucose control and weight

• The effect of exercise on plasma ghrelin has

  2022-01-10

  

  The effect of exercise on plasma ghrelin has previously been investigated mostly in humans using exercise regimens such as treadmill running, cycling, and rowing, and also in a few rodent studies and in some other animal models. While many of these clinical studies and some preclinical studies demon

• br Secretase in inflammatory diseases Secretase

  2022-01-10

  

  γ-Secretase in inflammatory diseases γ-Secretase appears to play a more important role than previously recognized in inflammatory diseases. Studies have shown that mice partially deficient in PS genes (PS1+/− PS2−/−) develop an immune system deficit in late adulthood, such as ulcerated skin or a

• br Author contributions br Conflict of interests

  2022-01-10

  

  Author contributions Conflict of interests Acknowledgements This work was supported by NIH grant DK098730 to NHM. Free fatty acids play important roles in biological processes contributing to both health and disease. As essential nutritional components, free fatty acids are utilized as b

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