• Finally we investigated increasing basicity as a way

  2022-04-02

  

  Finally, we investigated increasing basicity as a way to improve solubility. We expected that conversion of the ether linkage of to an -methyl group could improve solubility. More than expected, SAR 405 demonstrated significant improvement of values of solubility for the two media, especially for ac

• In addition to vertebrate species GnRH has been identified i

  2022-04-02

  

  In addition to vertebrate species, GnRH has been identified in invertebrates, such as in the Protochordate Ciona intestinalis (Powell et al., 1996; Adams et al., 2003), the decapods mollusk Octopus vulgaris (Iwakoshi et al., 2002), the gastropod mollusk, the sea hare Aplysia californica (Zhang et al

• Introduction Histamine was generally accepted as a

  2022-04-01

  

  Introduction Histamine was generally accepted as a neurotransmitter in 1984, when histamine was first identified to be located in tuberomamillary nucleus (TM) of the brain (Watanabe et al., 1984). In mammals, histaminergic neurons play an important role in regulating multiple physiological activiti

• The standard model of stress postulates the activation

  2022-04-01

  

  The standard model of stress postulates the activation of both the sympathoadrenomedullary axis and the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis. Long-term activation of either neuroendocrine axes has been shown to be harmful [12]. Short-term activation of the sympathoadrenomedullary axis is used t

• br Functional organization of postsynaptic glutamate recepto

  2022-04-01

  

  Functional organization of postsynaptic glutamate receptors Downstream effects of glutamate receptor positioning Mechanisms underlying the subsynaptic positioning of glutamate receptors Conclusions and future prospects The molecular organization of synapses is undoubtedly a critical dete

• br Materials and methods br Results Aberrant

  2022-04-01

  

  Materials and methods Results Aberrant Aβ has been suggested to be an initiating factor for glutamate excitotoxicity in AD pathology. To investigate whether Aβ1-42 alters glutamate uptake in astrocytes, neurons, and astrocyte-neuron co-cultures, we used synthetic Aβ1-42 peptide. Aβ1-42 has fas

• br Acknowledgements br Introduction Aminoacyl tRNA synthetas

  2022-04-01

  

  Acknowledgements Introduction Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases catalyze the formation of an ester bond between an amino Murine and the 3′ end of a tRNA in a two-step reaction. First, the amino acid is activated and an enzyme-bound adenylate intermediate is formed. Then, the amino acid is transferred

• br Experimental br Acknowledgments This project

  2022-04-01

  

  Experimental Acknowledgments This project was generously supported by Grünenthal GmbH and IECB. We also thank the staff members of the technical platform of IECB and Grünenthal GmbH for their availability and their skills. Introduction Glucocorticoids (GCs) are essential steroid hormones t

• Phylogenetic trees of receptors for peptides

  2022-04-01

  

  Phylogenetic trees of receptors for peptides similar to glucagon from diverse vertebrate species typically are similar to the tree presented in Fig. 3 (Sivarajah et al., 2001, Chow et al., 2004, Irwin and Wong, 2005, Cardoso et al., 2005, Cardoso et al., 2006, Ng et al., 2010, Park et al., 2013, Hwa

• Besides the described effects on

  2022-04-01

  

  Besides the described effects on gross locomotor function, impairment of visuo-motor coordination and fine-motor skills like resting tremors, bradykinesia and rigidity were also investigated, reflecting on the symptomatology of Parkinson's disease in humans (Inzelberg et al., 2008). Preclinically,

• br Discussion The model of a NVU

  2022-04-01

  

  Discussion The model of a NVU described by Mathias et al. (2018) has been implemented on the macro scale (see Kenny et al. (2018b)) via a 2D cerebral tissue slice coupled to a vascular tree. In particular, further communication within the tissue slice has been implemented via extracellular ion el

• br Conflicts of interest br Acknowledgment

  2022-04-01

  

  Conflicts of interest Acknowledgment Introduction The adrucil growth factor receptors (FGFRs) are a family members of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) that represent attractive therapeutic targets for anti-cancer therapy gaining more and more attention in recent years [1], [2]. This family m

• This excellent tolerability is especially interesting in the

  2022-04-01

  

  This excellent tolerability is especially interesting in the light of the fact that intravenous administration of liposomal ponatinib was predicted to yield much higher plasma concentrations as compared to the orally administered free drug. In addition, liposomal drug dose in absolute numbers was te

• The synthesis of substituted pyrimidinone carboxamides

  2022-04-01

  

  The synthesis of 2-substituted pyrimidinone carboxamides – is outlined in , . Treatment of readily accessible nitriles with N-methylhydroxylamine hydrochloride in the presence of Gefitinib provided the adducts , which were subsequently reacted with diethyl acetylenedicarboxylate to afford insepara

• The exact mechanism by which mitochondrial hexokinases such

  2022-03-31

  

  The exact mechanism by which mitochondrial hexokinases such as HK1 and HK2 prevent apoptosis is unclear. Mitochondrial hexokinases have been shown to bind with the voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1), giving them direct access to ATP for use as an energy source [36]. Akt has been shown to prom

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