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412 2 br Introduction Epilepsy is characterized by
2024-06-25
Introduction Epilepsy is characterized by spontaneous recurrent seizures and represents one of the most frequent neurological diseases affecting about 60 million people worldwide (McNamara, 1999). It is estimated that up to 50% of all cases are triggered by “initial precipitating injuries”, such
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Small RhoGTPases are single domain nucleotide dependent bina
2024-06-25
Small RhoGTPases are single-domain nucleotide-dependent binary switches that act as highly-tuned regulators in signal transduction [1]. The cycling between active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound forms allows RhoGTPases to bind to or to dissociate from downstream effectors, respectively [2]. Guanine
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br Roles for GMF in Endocytic Traffic
2024-06-25
Roles for GMF in Endocytic Traffic In addition to its roles in cell migration, GMF regulates actin-dependent endocytosis in yeast and mammals 13, 14, 50, and promotes the turnover of focal adhesions in immune 5224 42, 51. Vinculin, a central component of focal adhesions that anchors cells to the
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br Methods and results ACE
2024-06-25
Methods and results ACE is a Canadian satellite mission [7] that measures atmospheric ESI-09 spectra in the limb geometry using the Sun as a light source (solar occultation). The ACE orbit (74° inclination to the equator, 650 km altitude) concentrates measurements at high latitudes but also prov
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Finasteride has been shown to be
2024-06-25
Finasteride has been shown to be a mechanism-based inhibitor of 5AR-2 [9]. Finasteride acts as an alternate substrate for 5AR-2 and is initially bound in an extremely stable enzyme-bound NADP-dihydrofinasteride adduct which is ultimately processed to dihydrofinasteride. The NADP-dihydrofinasteride a
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AXL is a member of the TAM
2024-06-25
AXL is a member of the TAM (Tyro3, Axl, Mer) family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) [4]. Elevated AXL expression could promote oncogenic processes such as cell growth, migration, invasion, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which substantially contribute to tumor progression and poo
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Physiological total plasma LPA levels are normally less than
2024-06-25
Physiological total plasma LPA levels are normally less than 1μM in healthy subjects. LPA levels have been reported to be increased in malignant effusions or plasma in cancer patients [20]. In addition, increasing ATX activity detected in healthy pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy ex
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Thus phosphorylation of p was used to measure the
2024-06-25
Thus, phosphorylation of p38 was used to measure the intracellular potency of ASK1 inhibitors. In this assay, HEK293/AP-1luc Glyoxalase I inhibitor expressing human full-length ASK1 were incubated with compound for 18 h and then lysed and the level of phospho-p38 was quantified using the HTRF assay
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Antioxidative enzymes such as SOD
2024-06-25
Antioxidative enzymes such as SOD and CAT play prominent roles in protecting against oxidative stress and extending food freshness due to their ability in scavenging active oxygen species for maintaining cell membrane integrity. Evidence shows that activities of SOD and CAT are positively affected b
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Autocrine regulations of several adipokines e g leptin and
2024-06-24
Autocrine regulations of several adipokines (e.g., leptin and resistin) on adipocytes have been reported (Karastergiou and Mohamed-Ali, 2010, Ye et al., 2010). Several lines of evidence have shown that apelin influences adipocyte functions, such as, lipolysis and glucose uptake (Dray et al., 2008, Y
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br Results br Discussion Evaluation of
2024-06-24
Results Discussion Evaluation of antimicrobial usage is standardized using the DDD as a recommended strategy for comparison with similar hospitals [13]. The use of risk adjustment is needed to overcome the challenge of benchmarking. Two patient characteristics are associated with clinical outc
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Some of previous immunohistochemical studies have compared t
2024-06-24
Some of previous immunohistochemical studies have compared the levels of AR expression in low-grade versus high-grade and/or non-muscle-invasive versus muscle-invasive tumors. There was a significant or marginal decrease (Boorjian et al., 2004, Miyamoto et al., 2012b, Rau et al., 2011, Shyr et al.,
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Perforation of the surface membrane however is not the only
2024-06-24
Perforation of the surface membrane, however, is not the only mechanism of calcium dysregulation by Aβ at the presynaptic terminals. When in excess, both monomers and oligomers modulate biophysical properties of voltage-activated calcium 412 2 as well as calcium release from the endoplasmic reticul
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br Introduction Metabolic cues are crucial inputs in dictati
2024-06-24
Introduction Metabolic cues are crucial inputs in dictating acute responses through governing cellular signaling pathways as well as in shaping up long-term transcriptional and epigenetic profiles to control chronic cellular responses (Lu and Thompson, 2012). It has been well documented that meta
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br Discussion Elevated blood BCAA levels are a common
2024-06-24
Discussion Elevated blood BCAA levels are a common feature of a developed pathophysiological state characterized by obesity and IR [4]. It has been suggested that this profile is part of a panel of biomarkers able to predict the onset of more severe complications like diabetes in humans [14]. In
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